New Research Confirms Bacterial Vaginosis is an STI, Paving the Way for a Treatment Revolution

A groundbreaking Australian study is reshaping the understanding of bacterial vaginosis (BV), confirming it is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and opening new doors for more effective treatment strategies.

BV affects nearly one in three women of reproductive age, with high recurrence rates that significantly impact quality of life. Traditional treatment focuses on restoring vaginal microbiome balance, yet over half of women experience recurrence within three months following standard antibiotic therapy.

However, new research from the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, published Thursday, shows that BV is transmitted between sexual partners. The study examined 164 monogamous heterosexual couples, comparing standard care—where only the woman is treated—to a partner-treatment approach where both partners received antimicrobial therapy.

The results were game-changing: simultaneous treatment of both partners reduced BV recurrence by 50% compared to treating women alone.

Shifting the Clinical Approach

Study co-author Professor Catriona Bradshaw highlighted past studies that failed to show a cure benefit when treating male partners. However, those studies lacked combined oral and topical antibiotic regimens, which are now proving more effective in clearing BV-associated bacteria from the penile skin.

“This trial shows that reinfection from sexual partners is a major cause of BV recurrence, reinforcing that BV is, in fact, an STI,” Professor Bradshaw explained.

Chair of RACGP Specific Interests Sexual Health Medicine, Dr. Sara Whitburn, welcomed the findings, calling them “groundbreaking” for both treatment and patient discussions.

“Labeling BV as an STI confirms what we’ve suspected clinically,” Dr. Whitburn said. “However, it introduces new challenges in patient communication, as STIs carry stigma. Health practitioners must approach these conversations thoughtfully.”

Immediate Changes in Clinical Practice

The Melbourne Sexual Health Centre has already updated its clinical guidelines to include partner treatment and has launched a new information resource for healthcare professionals, including practical prescribing guides for GPs.

While national and international treatment guidelines will take time to adapt, this study signals a major shift in how BV is diagnosed and managed, offering hope for millions of women dealing with persistent and distressing recurrences.

With advances in genomic sequencing helping to pinpoint the bacteria responsible, researchers are optimistic about developing even more targeted treatments in the future.

This study marks a turning point in women’s health—a step toward more effective, long-lasting treatment and better quality of life for those affected by BV.